Fuzzy Matching
Fuzzy matching finds results for a query even when it contains typos, misspellings, or minor variations, by matching on similarity rather than requiring an exact text match.
Part of Search Recovery
It typically works by measuring edit distance — how many character changes separate the typed query from a known term — and returning results within a small tolerance. It's one of the more common ways search systems avoid a zero-result page caused by nothing more than a typo.